The diversity of fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) in Mango Orchard in Tempuran District, Karawang, West Java

ABSTRACT

Fruit flies (Bactroceraspp.) are major pests of mango crops, causing significant declines in production quality and quantity. However, information regarding their species composition in Tempuran District, Karawang Regency, remains limited. This study aims to identify the species composition and analyze the community structure of fruit flies in mango plantations in Panca Karya and Tanjung Jaya Villages. Sampling was conducted from September to November using methyl eugenol traps and the rearing method from infested fruit, followed by identification based on adult morphological characters. A total of 7,016 individuals were successfully collected, consisting of five species: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. correcta, B. kandiensis, B. zonata, and B. occipitalis. The dominant species was B. dorsalis with 3,160 individuals (45.04%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (‘H') was 1.35, indicating a moderate category, while the Simpson dominance index (C) was 0.31, indicating low dominance. Higher individual abundance was found in Panca Karya Village compared to Tanjung Jaya. These results indicate that the fruit fly community in the study area consists of several species with one dominant species; thus, information on community composition and structure can serve as a basis for formulating Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies for mangoes based on dominant species. This study provides the first documented baseline data on fruit fly community structure in Tempuran District, which is essential for location-specific Integrated Pest Management strategies.